Indigenous people give value and preference to story. Stories arise from place; it is often said they come from the land, but it is more accurate to say they arise from places, which might include the water. Seafaring peoples depend on water for food and commerce, and many speak about the ocean as a First Place, a location of origin. These notions of storied places are inherent in shamanism and other Indigenous healing traditions, although they are largely erased from New Age and neo-shamanistic renderings. It is easy to forget, or ignore, that in the Americas, Indigenous healers have traditionally been instrumental in both resisting colonial power, and in healing individuals and communities harmed by colonial violence, including racism. In this context, shamanism is inherently political.
It seems to me that our preference for stories is difficult for folks of European ancestry to grasp. That is true for Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, and folks from the U.S.. Many of us Native people understand ourselves to have been born from place, our tribes emerging from specific places: mountains, springs, caves, inlets. We traditionally understand the Earth to literally be our mother. If one stops to think about this, it makes profound sense: at the very least we are birthed from the stuff of this planet, the building blocks of place; clearly, one should not harm one’s mother, should not act in ways that defile the physical or spiritual environment.
Because we emerge into place, place becomes richly, densely, storied. A thickly storied place is a good home, a location in which to stay, to live one’s life deeply embedded in mythic time. It should not be surprising that Indigenous people often prefer to live in their birth places. Yet, this very frequently proves enormously inconvenient for colonial governments, who may have treaty, constitutional, or simply moral, responsibilities to the peoples of those places. In the U.S., Native lands are routinely annexed by local, state, and federal governments, usually with little fanfare. In Canada, the federal government seems determined to end any special status for First Nations people. In Australia, the federal government appears committed to the destruction of many remote communities, and the displacement of their people. Yet these events are barely noticed by the general public.
Back in November the Australian Broadcasting Corporation stated:
Aboriginal leaders and advocates are warning the “chaos and dysfunction” caused by closing down remote Indigenous communities will cost the West Australian Government far more than addressing existing issues.
Premier Colin Barnett has acknowledged his decision to shut about half the state’s 274 remote communities will cause distress to the more than 12,000 Aboriginal people living there and cause problems in the towns they move to.
However, he said existing high rates of suicide, poor health and a lack of jobs could not be ignored.
He has also labelled the “abuse and neglect of young children” a disgrace for the state.
(Premier Barnett argument is, at best, disingenuous. The social problems faced by Indigenous people everywhere arose from the violent displacements and social fragmentation imposed by colonial regimes.)
In March, the BBC stated:
For a time most of the Sunday Island “saltwater” people lived on a reserve in the outback town of Derby, recalls Ms Hudson.
Later many moved to the coastal community of One Arm Point, 200km north of the resort town of Broome, where they resumed traditional hunting and fishing.
Their dislocation is an experience shared by many Indigenous Australians who were forced off their land, last century, either because of changes in government policy or lack of employment.
“That’s how people lost their culture,” says Ms Hudson. “It put us in a different environment, away from our country.”
In the wake of plans by the West Australian government to close many small indigenous communities, the people of One Arm Point and other remote indigenous communities fear history might soon be repeated.
Clearly, colonialism and racism are not past; rather, they are very much alive in the present, finding their way into communities, classrooms, and psychotherapy offices around the world.
One of the workshops I attended at the ASGPP conference was on Narrative Therapy. The focus of the workshop was on the overlap between Narrative ideas and Psychodrama, and, as I am quite interested in their mutual territory, I was excited to attend. The presenters were knowledgeable about the topic, although their take on Narrative Therapy was quite cognitive, and, as is the fashion, focused on externalizing.
As I write, I am reminded of a conversation I had last year with Maggie Carey from the Dulwich Center, in which she underscored the importance of communities of interest creating their own versions of Narrative Therapy to meet their unique needs. In her view, there are an array of Narrative Therapies, each adopting aspects of Michael White’s and David Epstein’s work, and building on it. This honors their work, which strongly resists globalizing and totalizing ideas, in contrast to the reductionist credo of much Western theory.
Michael often noted that Indigenous lives were traditionally embedded in story and place, and he worked with Indigenous persons to “thicken” and enrich the stories we tell about themselves, our home places, and the problems we face. He understood, from speaking with Aboriginal elders, that externalizing the problem was insufficient; healing arises from richly storied and placed lives. Yet this view is anathema to colonial governments, and thus, to many healthcare and social service agencies, who have a vested interest in therapies that render colonial violence invisible.
It seems to me that Narratively oriented clinicians increasingly lose sight of the Indigenous influences in Michael’s work. When used in context, externalizing and rich story development offer opportunities for Indigenous communities and individuals to challenge the authority of colonialism in our lives; they provide strategies for removing the stigmas attached to Indigenous lives, and for putting those lives into perspective. Thus, they are inherently political.
Also political in Michael’s work is the idea of audience. We each need people who understand and support our efforts to create lives that are richly resonate with our values, aspirations, and sense of belonging. I believe that were he here, he would remind us repeatedly about the power of an affirming audience, and the importance of supporting others in their healing. What appears too often missing in our Indigenous lives is an audience that honors the richness inherent in our stories and places, understands the histories of colonial power and violence, supports our efforts to reclaim our lives and communities, and challenges the ongoing abuses of institutionalized racism and power.
This is the third in a series of posts about this year’s ASGPP conference. The other posts have been:
Dreaming the World 
Very powerful Michael, I feel that rootedness in my own place and history but you’ve really brought the issues alive.
Thank you, Andrea. I know these are broad issues that are important to you, too.
I have my own story that allows me to feel some small particle of the displacement pain of which you speak. I live in the mountains in a town which has a beautiful public lake. It was all free and we townspeople have always walked there, taken our dogs and kids there, played on a ball field there, sat on the rocks there, watched all the birds and wild life, flown kites, etc. Last year a private management took over and now we cannot even walk there unless we pay a fee. The Lake has been heavily advertised and now the Lake and town are clogged with tourists. Many, many rules and fines now. Most of us have stopped going to our Lake now. There is a sad change in the energy here and I can only imagine the pain that replaces the once peaceful life of indigenous people.
Dear Gretchen, This is exactly what I was speaking about. I am saddened to hear about your loss. Privatization is a common and age old strategy for stealing vital resources from communities.
Jennie and I held workshop this morning about using stories to nurture and protect the places we love. The workshop arose from privitization of public lands in our community. In the workshop all present spoke about the places they hold dear, and told stories about their experiences in those places. We then strategized about ways we could gather stories from others who also love those places, and make the stories known to a wider community. I wonder what might happen if you were to use your great skills at artmaking to share your story of dispossession with your community. Are there other people you know who would join you in this? Might there be people who you do not know who would be eager to join you as story makers or allies? Are there “movers and shakers” regarding the lake whom you might be able to influence with such a campaign? We would be glad to be allies and brainstorm with you.
All I can say is that the gubbers (government) wouldn’t close down the towns if they were white. Disgraceful.
Tree Girl, I am so angry about this. It is SO familiar. I want to know where the people of conscious are, and why they are not demanding an end to this. (Same thing for here and Canada…..)